Sorting UTF-8 by arbitrary order:
<?php
mb_internal_encoding("UTF-8");
class utf_8_german
{
static $order = '0123456789AaÄäBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMm
NnOoÖöPpQqRrSsßTtUuÜüVvWwXxYyZz';
  static $char2order;
  static function cmp($a, $b) {
    if ($a == $b) {
        return 0;
    }
if (empty(self::$char2order))
    {
$order = 1;
$len = mb_strlen(self::$order);
      for ($order=0; $order<$len; ++$order)
      {
self::$char2order[mb_substr(self::$order, $order, 1)] = $order;
      }
    }
$len_a = mb_strlen($a);
$len_b = mb_strlen($b);
$max=min($len_a, $len_b);
    for($i=0; $i<$max; ++$i)
    {
$char_a= mb_substr($a, $i, 1);
$char_b= mb_substr($b, $i, 1);
      if ($char_a == $char_b) continue;
$order_a = (isset(self::$char2order[$char_a])) ? self::$char2order[$char_a] : 9999;
$order_b = (isset(self::$char2order[$char_b])) ? self::$char2order[$char_b] : 9999;
      return ($order_a < $order_b) ? -1 : 1;
    }
    return ($len_a < $len_b) ? -1 : 1;
  }
}
$t = array(
'Birnen', 'Birne', 'Äpfel', 'Apfel',
);
uasort($t, 'utf_8_german::cmp');
echo '$t: <pre>'.htmlspecialchars(print_r($t,true),null,'UTF-8').'</pre>';
?>